CoQ10 is a coenzyme that is not tightly bound to proteins in the respiratory chain and acts as a particularly flexible carrier between flavoproteins and cytochromes, and is an essential component of the electron transport chain for the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 preparations obtained from plant and animal extracts, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation are widely used as energy synthesis substances in clinical practice. In addition, CoQ10 has many important physiological functions in living organisms due to its quinone and isopentenyl side chain structure. In recent years, more and more studies have found that reduced coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10H2 ubiquinol) has the ability to inhibit free radical-mediated oxidative damage to membrane lipoproteins, thus the antioxidant effect of reduced coenzyme Q10 and its role in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases is receiving increasing attention. The role of reduced coenzyme Q10 in the prevention