Publish Time: 2022-11-30 Origin: Site
Polyglutamic acid is a high molecular amino acid polymer formed by combining L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid [D-Gl] through y-amide bonds. There are many synthetic methods of polyglutamic acid, such as traditional peptide synthesis method, dimer condensation method, natto extraction method and microbial fermentation method, etc. Because the chemical synthesis method is very difficult and has no industrial application value, so for The research on the synthesis method of polyglutamic acid is mainly concentrated in the field of microbial fermentation. As for the research on polyglutamic acid produced by microorganisms, Japan has always been at the forefront of various countries. At first, it was formed by using Bacillus natto to polymerize glutamic acid. In recent years, China, the United States and other countries have also carried out research on the synthesis of γ-polyglutamic acid by microbial fermentation. There are many strains that can ferment and produce y-polyglutamic acid, such as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, and most of the researches are on the production of PGA by Bacillus subtilis. In my country, colleges and universities such as Zhejiang University and Nanjing University of Technology have begun research on the production of polyglutamic acid by microbial fermentation. As a polymer, polyglutamic acid has unique physical, chemical and biological properties, such as biodegradability, good biocompatibility, strong water retention, and non-toxic to the human body. These characteristics determine the wide application of polyglutamic acid in fields such as agriculture, food, medicine, environmental protection, cosmetics industry, tobacco, leather manufacturing industry and plant seed protection.
Produced by microbial aggregation. Polyglutamic acid is a high-molecular-weight polymer. There are a large number of free carboxyl groups in its molecular chain, which makes it have the properties of general polycarboxylic acid, such as strong water absorption, and the ability to chelate with metals. In addition, a large amount of activity The site facilitates the functionalization of materials, such as the generation of superabsorbent resin after partial cross-linking, so it has a wide range of uses. Due to its unique physical, chemical and biological properties, 7-PGA is widely used in many fields such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, food processing, agriculture, greening and plant seed protection, and has great development value and application prospects.
Good biodegradability and strong water absorption demonstrate its great potential for agricultural applications. Due to the lack of water in deserts and water-deficient areas, it is difficult for plant seeds to germinate and greening is more difficult. For this reason, Toshio Hara, a professor of the Department of Agriculture at Kyushu University in Japan, and others developed a water-absorbing The extremely strong natto resin makes it an ideal seed coating material for the greening of deserts and water-deficient areas. As long as the plant seeds are wrapped with this resin and planted in deserts and water-scarce areas, they can germinate quickly and the effect is very ideal. Wang Jianpingu's research pointed out that soaking seeds in 0.10-0.30g/L 7-PGA solution for 1-3 days can increase the germination rate and vigor of tobacco seeds, and shorten the emergence time. Compared with the control, the activities of amylase, peroxidase and catalase of the treated seeds were increased in different degrees, and the effect of treating the seeds with 0.20 g of 7-PGA solution for 1 day was the best. And because polyglutamic acid has good biodegradability, it is ideal for desert greening projects and avoids pollution. When using fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, insect repellants, etc., adding an appropriate amount of polyglutamate can prolong the residence time of these drugs on the surface of the target, and it is not easy to be brushed off due to dryness and rain. Polyglutamic acid is mixed with cultivation soil in a certain proportion, which can not only reduce irrigation times and costs, but also improve soil aggregate structure, thereby improving soil water retention, water permeability and air permeability, reducing the temperature difference between day and night of soil, and achieving improvement. Inferior soil, the purpose of increasing crop yield and harvest.
Its international name in the Cosmetic Pharmacopoeia is NattoGum. Polyglutamic acid hydrogel is a colorless, odorless, transparent and soft colloid. Due to its three-dimensional lattice structure, it has superb water absorption and slow-release capabilities. In addition, it also has film-forming properties, plus it has a great smoothing function, especially its super 5000 times water absorption and moisturizing capacity, which is most suitable for cosmetics to enhance the moisturizing effect. 7-PGA can improve the skin's long-term high moisturizing effect; it can effectively reduce the loss of water through the skin; it can promote the elasticity of skin tissue; it can enhance the skin's natural moisturizing ingredients; it has skin whitening effect. A new type of hair conditioner can also be produced using polyglutamic acid. This new hair conditioner is applied on the hair surface, and the film formed can not only prevent the evaporation of moisture in the hair, but also the sticky ingredients in it can play a role similar to glue to repair the hair scales that are about to fall off. The ability of diapers and sanitary napkins mixed with polyglutamic acid to absorb water is 2 to 5 times stronger than that of traditional paper diapers. In addition, the good biodegradability and biocompatibility of y-polyglutamic acid endow its products with non-polluting and non-toxic side effects.
PGA has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and as a drug carrier, it can provide drug sustained release and targeting, improve drug water solubility, reduce adverse drug reactions, and improve drug efficacy_l. 7-PGA can improve the water solubility of drugs and increase the bioavailability of drugs.
As a drug carrier and vaccine adjuvant, it has shown better performance than traditional materials. These new materials have good biocompatibility! Lower toxicity, targeting and sustained release performance have been effectively improved , is a major direction of research and development of new drugs and medical materials.
Osteoporosis has become one of the common diseases of the elderly. Research by Atsushi Sugino Toshiki and Miyazaki Chikara Ohtsuki pointed out that rebuilding bone density is necessary for artificial joint implantation. PGA has a huge number of carboxyl groups, which are conducive to the formation of apatite crystal nuclei and the reconstruction of bone density. PGA can increase the solubility of intracellular and extracellular Caz+, and the absorption of Ca in the intestine, so it can be used as an important tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.
As a bioadhesive, y-PGA can be used to control the continuous bleeding of tissues or seal the leakage of gas and liquid in the body, and can also be applied to the repair of aortic cuts. It is a new type of safe and harmless bio-adhesive tape. A new type of biological gelatin made of pig collagen and poly-L-glutamic acid is superior to cellulose in preventing air leakage in the lungs.
Good bioaffinity, degradability and other characteristics make it have broad application prospects in biomedical materials.
Adding PGA to starchy foods can prevent food aging, enhance texture and maintain shape. y-PGA is also used as a stabilizer for ice cream, a thickener for fruit juice, a bitterness remover for various foods, a health food, a stabilizer, or as an additive to improve the taste L2. Because it can increase the solubility of intracellular and extracellular Ca, and the absorption of Ca2 in the intestine, scientists have proposed that y-PGA and its salts can be used as nutritional supplements in dietary products. After PGA is digested and hydrolyzed, it becomes a single amino acid, glutamic acid, which will be absorbed and utilized by the human body. Therefore, PGA as an additive can not only improve food flavor, but also strengthen food nutrition.
The carboxyl group of y-PGA can be used as an excellent thermoplastic after esterification. As a green plastic, it can be widely used in various industrial applications such as food packaging. It can be rapidly degraded in nature without causing environmental pollution; it can be used as a metal chelating agent or adsorbent and biological flocculant in water or wastewater treatment. Polymethyl glutamate (PMG) industrially produced in Japan is mainly used for synthetic leather (surface treatment agent) or fiber treatment agent. PGA can be used as an adaptant in various environments, such as near the cell epidermis in an alkaline environment The pH neutralization effect can prevent the severe dehydration of halophilic bacteria in an extremely high-salt environment, and it can also be used as a low-temperature protection material.