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Hesperetin is the aglycone form of hesperidin. Hesperidin, which is an abundant flavanone glycoside in the peel of citrus fruits, possesses a variety of biological capabilities that include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
Hesperetin (hesperetin) is the main active ingredient in the fruit of the citrus genus Citrus L. of the family Rutaceae. Hesperetin is the glycosyl ligand of hesperidin, and its structure contains ketone carbonyl, ether, Methoxy and multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups make it have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Hesperetin does not accumulate in any organ, and is safe to use with no obvious side effects. Early studies on the pharmacological effects of hesperetin mainly focused on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-allergic, lipid-regulating, immune-enhancing and anti-cancer aspects. In recent years, it has been reported in the literature that hesperetin and its derivatives also have anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-venom hemagglutinin, anti-lung, kidney and liver fibrosis effects.
1. Effects on diseases related to the central nervous system
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. PD eventually leads to motor and cognitive impairment in patients. The protective effect of hesperetin on striatal 6-hydroxydopamine-injured rats was evaluated, and its possible mechanisms of action on apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were explored.
2. Hypoglycemic effect
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are common features of diabetes, resulting in changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, and levels of liver enzymes. Chronic hyperglycemia, characterized by persistent and abnormally high postprandial blood glucose levels, has become a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Rat studies show that hesperetin can effectively protect STZ-induced normal histological morphology of β-cells in rat liver, kidney and insulin-positive cells.
3. Anti-venom hemagglutinin
Venomous snakebites are a global, neglected public health problem. SVSP1 and SVSP2 were sequenced using tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF), and in silico docking using serine protease structures known to be homologous to the two target proteins (PDB entry: 4e7n), the results showed that hesperetin was the two Targeted inhibitors of proteins. The kinetic parameters of SVSPs were obtained by in vitro experiments on hesperetin, and the results indicated that hesperetin may be a non-competitive inhibitor of SVSP1 and SVSP2, which can be used as a low-cost inhibitor for the study of snake venom proteases.
4. Anti-fibrotic effect
Cardiac remodeling is a major determinant of heart failure (heart failure), characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and myocyte apoptosis. A new hesperetin derivative, 7[8-(N-methylpiperazinyl)hesperetin], was found to inhibit platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) induction through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.
Hesperetin is the aglycone form of hesperidin. Hesperidin, which is an abundant flavanone glycoside in the peel of citrus fruits, possesses a variety of biological capabilities that include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
Hesperetin (hesperetin) is the main active ingredient in the fruit of the citrus genus Citrus L. of the family Rutaceae. Hesperetin is the glycosyl ligand of hesperidin, and its structure contains ketone carbonyl, ether, Methoxy and multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups make it have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Hesperetin does not accumulate in any organ, and is safe to use with no obvious side effects. Early studies on the pharmacological effects of hesperetin mainly focused on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-allergic, lipid-regulating, immune-enhancing and anti-cancer aspects. In recent years, it has been reported in the literature that hesperetin and its derivatives also have anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-venom hemagglutinin, anti-lung, kidney and liver fibrosis effects.
1. Effects on diseases related to the central nervous system
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. PD eventually leads to motor and cognitive impairment in patients. The protective effect of hesperetin on striatal 6-hydroxydopamine-injured rats was evaluated, and its possible mechanisms of action on apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were explored.
2. Hypoglycemic effect
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are common features of diabetes, resulting in changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, and levels of liver enzymes. Chronic hyperglycemia, characterized by persistent and abnormally high postprandial blood glucose levels, has become a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Rat studies show that hesperetin can effectively protect STZ-induced normal histological morphology of β-cells in rat liver, kidney and insulin-positive cells.
3. Anti-venom hemagglutinin
Venomous snakebites are a global, neglected public health problem. SVSP1 and SVSP2 were sequenced using tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF), and in silico docking using serine protease structures known to be homologous to the two target proteins (PDB entry: 4e7n), the results showed that hesperetin was the two Targeted inhibitors of proteins. The kinetic parameters of SVSPs were obtained by in vitro experiments on hesperetin, and the results indicated that hesperetin may be a non-competitive inhibitor of SVSP1 and SVSP2, which can be used as a low-cost inhibitor for the study of snake venom proteases.
4. Anti-fibrotic effect
Cardiac remodeling is a major determinant of heart failure (heart failure), characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and myocyte apoptosis. A new hesperetin derivative, 7[8-(N-methylpiperazinyl)hesperetin], was found to inhibit platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) induction through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.
